the chief watchwords of the time were progress and expansion. the name pioneer has a romantic color, but in america the land pioneer mined the forests and the soil, and the industry pioneer almost as ruthlessly mined the human resources, and when the pay-dirt got sallow and thin, they both moved on. beside the vivid promises of mechanical progress and manifest destiny the realities of an ordered society thinned into a pale vapor.

sticks and stones

the diaspora of the pioneer

lewis mumford