accustomed as we are
to taking our our social or ethical scale of values
along with us wherever we go
we feel no surprise at hearing 
that the scene of the activities of the lower passions
is in the unconscious; we expect, moreover
that the higher any mental function ranks 
in our scale of values the more easily 
it will find access to consciousness 
assured to it. 
here, however, psycho-
analytic experience disappoints us.
on the one hand, we have evidence that
even the subtle and difficult intellectual
operations which ordinarily require strenuous reflection
can be equally carried out preconsciously and without
coming into consciousness. 
instances of this
are quite incontestable; they may occur for example 
during the state of sleep, as is shown when
someone finds, immediately after waking
that he knows the solution 
to a difficult mathematical or other
problem with which 
he had been wrestling in vain
the day before.


sigmund freud
(II) the ego and the id.